Introduction

In the realms of information technology and systems management, Application Performance Management (APM) involves monitoring and overseeing the performance and availability of software applications. APM aims to identify and diagnose intricate application performance issues to uphold a predefined level of service.

Glowroot is an open-source APM that facilitates a quicker resolution of application performance issues by helping us pinpoint the root causes. It supports applications running from Java 6 onwards.

Key Features

• Response Time Breakdown Charts: Visualizes the breakdown of response times for better analysis.
• Response Time Percentile Charts: Offers percentile charts to understand response time distribution.
• SQL Capture and Aggregation: Captures and aggregates SQL queries for in-depth analysis.
• Service Call Capture and Aggregation: Gathers and aggregates data on service calls for comprehensive insights.
• MBean Attribute Capture and Charts: Monitors and charts MBean attributes for performance evaluation.
• Configurable Alerting: Allows users to configure alerts based on specific criteria.
• Historical Rollup: Provides historical data rollup at different intervals (1m, 5m, 30m, 4h) with configurable retention settings.
• Full Support for Async Requests: Supports asynchronous requests that span multiple threads.
• Responsive UI with Mobile Support: User-friendly and responsive interface with mobile support for accessibility.
• Optional Central Collector: Offers the flexibility of an optional central collector for centralized data management.
• Supports Multiple Application Servers: Wildfly, JBoss EAP, Tomcat, TomEE, Jetty, Glassfish, Payara, WebLogic, WebSphere

Central Collector

The central collector collects runtime information from the registered services and offers a GUI for easy viewing. https://github.com/glowroot/glowroot/wiki/Central-Collector-Installation

Installation

You can follow the steps above for running the GlowRoot central collector either as a standalone or as a docker image. For this section, I'll share how it can be run locally.
Here's my docker-compose file for running glowroot-central with cassandra. Override username, password, and contactPoints in glowroot-central.properties.

version: '3.8'

networks:

  tradewise-network:

services:

  cassandra:

    image: cassandra:latest

    container_name: cassandra

    restart: unless-stopped

    ports:

      - "9042:9042"

    networks:

      - tradewise-network

glowroot-central:

    image: glowroot/glowroot-central:0.14.1

    container_name: glowroot-central

    restart: unless-stopped

    volumes:

      - ./glowroot-central.properties:/usr/share/glowroot-central/glowroot-central.properties

    depends_on:

      - cassandra

    ports:

      - "4000:4000"

      - "8181:8181"

    networks:

      - tradewise-network

Instrumentation

There are 4 ways in which we can integrate GlowRoot into our services https://glowroot.org/instrumentation.html. For this exercise, we will focus on using the agent API.

Editing the pom.xml File

In our Spring Boot project's pom.xml file, add the GlowRoot agent configuration.

<plugin>

    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>

    <executions>

        <execution>

            <id>glowroot-plugins</id>

            <phase>validate</phase>

            <goals>

                <goal>copy-resources</goal>

            </goals>

            <configuration>

                <outputDirectory>target/glowroot-plugins/</outputDirectory>

                <resources>

                    <resource>

                        <directory>glowroot-plugins</directory>

                        <filtering>false</filtering>

                    </resource>

                </resources>

            </configuration>

        </execution>

    </executions>

</plugin>

<plugin>

    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>

    <version>${maven-dependency-plugin.version}</version>

    <executions>

        <execution>

            <id>copy-glowroot-jar</id>

            <phase>prepare-package</phase>

            <goals>

                <goal>copy</goal>

            </goals>

        </execution>

    </executions>

    <configuration>

        <artifactItems>

            <artifactItem>

                <groupId>org.glowroot</groupId>

                <artifactId>glowroot-agent</artifactId>

                <version>${glowroot-agent.version}</version>

                <type>jar</type>

                <overWrite>false</overWrite>

                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>

                <destFileName>glowroot.jar</destFileName>

            </artifactItem>

        </artifactItems>

    </configuration>

</plugin>

Preparing the Dockerfile

We need to add the GlowRoot files in the docker image.

  
  
  Base Image


FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jdk-alpine

LABEL author=CzetsuyaTech

LABEL maintainer=CzetsuyaTech

  
  
  Configuration


WORKDIR /

RUN addgroup --system czetsuyatech && \

    adduser --system czetsuyatech --ingroup czetsuyatech && \

    mkdir -p /glowroot /glowroot/tmp /glowroot/logs /glowroot/plugins && \

    echo '{ "web": { "bindAddress": "0.0.0.0" } }' > /glowroot/admin.json && \

    chown czetsuyatech:czetsuyatech -R /glowroot && \

    chmod -R 777 /glowroot

USER czetsuyatech

ADD --chown=czetsuyatech:czetsuyatech target/glowroot.jar /glowroot

ADD --chown=czetsuyatech:czetsuyatech target/glowroot-plugins /glowroot/plugins

  
  
  Service


ADD --chown=czetsuyatech:czetsuyatech target/*.jar app.jar

  
  
  Start


ENV JAVA_JAR "/app.jar"

ENV JAVA_OTHERS "-Xshare:off"

ENV JAVA_OPTS ${JAVA_OPTS}

ENV JAVA_MEM ${JAVA_MEM}

RUN echo "exec java $JAVA_MEM $JAVA_OPTS $JAVA_OTHERS -jar $JAVA_JAR"

ENTRYPOINT exec java $JAVA_MEM $JAVA_OPTS $JAVA_OTHERS -jar $JAVA_JAR

Running the Spring Boot Service

To enable instrumentation in our instance, we need to specify the javaagent property. And to send information to the central collector we need to specify the central collector and give our instance an agent id.

JAVA_OPTS=-javaagent:glowroot/glowroot.jar -Dglowroot.collector.address=localhost:8181 -server -Dglowroot.agent.id=TradewiseAI

GUI

Usage

Transactions

Web

To assess our REST Endpoints' performance, we access the "Web" section. In the provided example:

1. By choosing "Response Time," we can identify which HttpRequests and JDBC Queries are taking longer in the REST Endpoints.
2. Opting for "Slow Traces" allows us to pinpoint the specific endpoint that consumes more time.
3. Selecting "Queries" reveals insights into the queries made, indicating that using the count query is more resource-intensive compared to the select query. This information aids in optimizing and refining the performance of REST Endpoints.

Background

To analyze our background performance, we navigate to the "Background" section. In the given example:

1. Choosing "Response Time" allows us to identify which Job and Hibernate Queries are consuming more time in the background processes.
2. Opting for "Slow Traces" reveals that some calls take more time, providing insights into areas that may require attention.
3. Selecting "Queries" and filtering by the select query, we observe that it is called more frequently and takes longer, particularly when filtered by status. This information helps in understanding and addressing potential bottlenecks in the background processes.

Startup

To assess our startup performance, we can utilize the "Startup" section. In the provided example:

1. By choosing "Response Time," we can identify which startup and filter init processes consume more time.
2. Opting for "Slow Traces" reveals the duration it takes for the context to initialize fully.
3. Selecting "Queries" provides insights into the database queries. Some queries will be more resource intensive, with fewer calls but longer duration. This information aids in pinpointing specific areas for optimization within the startup processes.

Errors

Web

To visualize errors in our REST endpoints, we can navigate to the "Web" section. In the following example:

• Choosing "Error Messages" reveals errors of type XXXException.
• Opting for "Error Traces" provides details on the errors.
• Clicking on a specific error allows us to view the detailed trace, aiding in the understanding and resolution of the issue.

JVM

In our services' JVM, we can monitor and analyze memory status. This allows us to gain insights into the memory usage patterns, allocations, and overall health of the Java Virtual Machine, aiding in the effective management and optimization of our services.

MBeanTree

The MBeanTree functionality in Glowroot proves invaluable in monitoring instance creation. For instance, to track thread-related metrics and identify potential Thread Leaks, users can navigate to the java.lang section, specifically under Threading. This allows for a detailed examination of thread-related information, aiding in the identification and resolution of potential thread-related issues, such as Thread Leaks.

Recommendation

In a typical product infrastructure, Glowroot serves as our APM tool in each microservice. All microservices are instrumented to gather and transmit data to Glowroot, enhancing our understanding of system behavior. We've chosen Glowroot based on various criteria, including its license-free nature, alignment with the Java ecosystem, and straightforward instrumentation for microservices, ensuring a simple ramp-up and configuration process.