Summary - Section 2

Fundamentals Part 1

Jonas Schmedtmann Course

Primitive Data Types

• Number = Floating point numbers and integers
• String = Sequence of characters between single quotes (''), double quotes ("") or backticks (``)
• Boolean = Logical, true or false
• Undefined = Value of a variable that wasn't yet defined
• Null = Empty value
• Symbol = Unique value and cannot be changed
• BigInt = Larger integer numbers

JavaScript has dynamic typing, which means that we don't define which type of value a variable will hold. Furthermore, variables don't have types, values do.

let, const and var

• let = block-scoped, defines variables that can be mutated
• const = defines variables that cannot be mutated
• var = function-scoped, defines variables that can be mutated (legacy)

Expressions and Operators

Source: Expressions and Operators

Operator Precedence

Source: Operator Precedence table

Strings and Template Literals

As said before, we can use single quotes ('') and double quotes ("") to delimit a string, but we can also use backticks (``), and they define template literals.

Usage example:

console.log(`Hello! My name is ${user.name} and I am a ${user.job}.
How can I help you?`); // Output: 'Hello! My name is Raul and I am a Software Developer.
                                   How Can I help you?'

If-Else Statements

Usage example:

if (expression) {
} else if (expression) {
} else {
}

Type Conversion and Type Coercion

• Type Conversion = When you manually convert a value from a type to another type.
• Type Coercion = When JavaScript automatically converts a type to another type.

Example Type Conversion:

console.log(Number('2024')); // Output: 2024

Example Type Coercion:

console.log('20' + 24); // Output: '2024'

Truthy and Falsy Values

• There are 5 falsy values, them being:
• - 0
• - ''
• - undefined
• - null
• - NaN

Everything else is a truthy value, it means that if converted to boolean, they will be converted to the truth value

.

### Equality Operators (== vs. ===)

- === Strict Equality Operator. Does not perform type coercion
- == Loose Equality Operator. Does perform type coercion (avoid using it)

### Basic Binary Logical Operators

- && - AND
- || - OR
- ! - NOT

### Switch Statement

Example usage:

const foo = 1;

switch (foo) {
case 0:
console.log('That is zero.');
break;
case 1:
console.log('Got it!");
break;
default:
console.log('You failed.');
}

## Statements and Expressions

- Expressions are pieces of code that produces a value
Example:

 ```3 + 4 or 1991 or true && false```



- Statements are bigger pieces of code that translate actions
If-Else statement is an example

## Ternary Operator



```[expression] ? [if true] : [if false]```