Python Open Closed Design Pattern (Python SOLID Principles)

The Open/Closed Principle states that a module (such as a class, function, etc.) should be open for extension but closed for modification. In other words, a module should be designed in such a way that it can be easily extended without changing its existing code.

Here's an example in Python:

In this example, the Shape class is an abstract base class that defines the interface for all shapes, and the Circle and Rectangle classes inherit from it and provide concrete implementations of the area method. The calculate_area function takes a list of shapes and calculates the total area by calling the area method on each shape.

By using inheritance and an abstract base class, the existing code can be extended to support new shapes without having to modify the existing code. For example, if we wanted to add a square shape, we could simply create a Square class that inherits from Shapeand provide an implementation of the area method. This adheres to the Open/Closed Principle as the existing code remains closed for modification, while new functionality can be added through extension.

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Python Design Patterns
Python Open Closed Principle Design Pattern
Open Closed Principle (OCP)