Functions invoked as a constructor

The value of "this" in a Javascript constructor function

Constructor functions are used to create objects. The way we invoke constructor functions is by preceding their invocation with the keyword new.
As a convention, we also capitalize their name.

Here's an example of a constructor function. We define a function called Person that takes two arguments: name and age.
Inside the function, these two arguments are assigned to parameters prefixed by the this parameter.

We then invoke the function with the new keyword, and pass a name and an age. We assign the output of this invocation to a variable named bill.
When we print out the result we see that what is returned is an object with two properties, name and age, that correspond to the arguments we passed in at the moment of the invocation.

function Person(name, age) {
  this.name = name;
  this.age = age;
}

const bill = new Person('William', 59);

console.log(bill); // => Person { name: 'William', age: 59 }

When we invoke the function with the new keyword, a new empty object is created and passed to the function as the this parameter. This is the function context.

Then, inside the function we create properties on the this parameter of name and age.
This is like creating properties on an object, we assign values to properties of the this object which is the object that was created when we invoked the Person function with the new keyword. Finally, the function returns this newly created object and passes it to the variable bill.

When we invoke the Person function again with different parameters, we go through the same steps of:

• creating an empty object
• creating name and age properties on this object
• assigning the value of the arguments passed into the function to the object properties
• returning the object that was created

Here's an example where we call the Person function with different arguments. It returns a different object that has the same properties but different values.

const mary = new Person('Mary', 49);
console.log(mary); // => Person { name: 'Mary', age: 49 }

We have seen that the this parameter takes on different values depending on how the function is invoked.

If the function is invoked as a regular function, the this parameter has the value of the global object or the window object.

If the function is invoked as a method, the this parameter is set to the object that invokes the method.

If the function is invoked as a constructor, the this parameter is set to the instance of the object being created.

There is another way to invoke functions, with the apply() and call() methods that also has repercussions on the this parameter.

We will explore this way tomorrow