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Ali Spittel
Ali Spittel

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Daily Coding Puzzles - Nov 4th - Nov 9th

Every day on Twitter, I post coding puzzles. These are quick coding challenges that increase in difficulty across the span of the week -- with Monday being the most beginner friendly and Friday being super tough. I love seeing other people's solutions as well, and so people post their solution to the problem in any programming language.

Here's more about them.

I wanted to try posting these here. I'm going to post each question from this week as a comment below, and then we will thread answers under those questions. Please feel free to post your solutions to the ones you are interested in below! Then, you can comment with insights into people's solutions below that! I will also add a meta thread if you have advice on how to format this in the future!

Excited to see your solutions!

Top comments (92)

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Wednesday

Array.diff (6 KYU):

Your goal in this kata is to implement a difference function, which subtracts one list from another and returns the result.

CodeWars

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ben profile image
Ben Halpern

Ruby

a - b
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dance2die profile image
Sung M. Kim

Ah, cannot unsee this answer... 😆

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gartboy profile image
Garrett

Similar effort when done in APL! :)

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

That's amazing!

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ben profile image
Ben Halpern

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ben profile image
Ben Halpern

On the other hand, Ruby probably allocated about 10,000 object references under the hood and used 1gb of memory to make that happen. 😄

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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein • Edited

Honestly, I just came out here to have a good time and I'm feeling so attacked right now 😅😅😅

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ben profile image
Ben Halpern
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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

Haha nice. Honestly, I'm just so used to copy/pasting emojis from slack and discord. Fun fact, when you do that, it copies the colon emoji syntax, not the unicode glyph 😅🙃

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ricardobeat profile image
Ricardo Tomasi

@bendhalpern some numbers (using /usr/bin/time -l on OSX):

Go: 0.0s, 1.5Mb
Go run: 0.10s, 24Mb
Node: 0.06s, 19Mb
Ruby: 0.08s, 11Mb
Crystal: 0.0s, 1.5Mb
Crystal run: 0.4s, 10.4Mb
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rakenodiax profile image
rakenodiax
Rust: 0.00s - 1.12MiB
Rust (nightly): 0.01s - 0.88MiB
Go: 0.00s - 1.64MiB
Go run: 0.25s - 24.11MiB
Python: 0.21s - 5.48MiB

Disclaimer: I'm inexperienced with Go; using the example from below 😅

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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

Oh, I know almost nothing about Go. I'm specifically using these exercises to learn the syntax. No clue if and how what I'm doing can be optimized. Go is famously, weirdly restrictive and intentionally verbose.

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elizarov profile image
Roman Elizarov

Same in Kotlin :)

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anologicon profile image
Anologicon

kkkkk it's very simple dude :D

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susickypavel profile image
Pavel Susicky

Tried in Javascript

function arrayDiff(arr1, arr2) {
    return arr1.filter(val => !arr2.includes(val));
}
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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Nice!!

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pawl profile image
Pawl

this is beautiful. thanks

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neovortex profile image
Neocortexxx

Wow, great! So clean!

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel • Edited

Python!

def array_diff(a, b):
    return [l for l in a if l not in b]
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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

List comprehensions are truly a gift.

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

YES -- they are so elegant.

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dschep profile image
Daniel Schep

Or with sets!

def array_diff(a, b):
    return list(set(a) - set(b))
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jay profile image
Jay

Rust

  • With Liftime. The returned Vec<&T> has elements borrowed and valid until the list1 is valid.
fn diff<'a, T>(list1: &'a [T], list2: &[T]) -> Vec<&'a T>
where
    T: PartialEq,
{
    list1.into_iter().filter(|e| !list2.contains(e)).collect()
}
  • Without lifetime We return a new Vec free from any list provided, by cloning the data. The generic data type only allows the data type that implements Clone trait to be passed.
fn diff2<T>(list1: &[T], list2: &[T]) -> Vec<T>
where
    T: PartialEq + Clone,
{
    list1
        .into_iter()
        .map(|x| x.clone())
        .filter(|e| !list2.contains(&e))
        .collect()
}
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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

Go

func Difference(a []int, b []int) (diff []int) {
    m := make(map[int]bool)

    for _, item := range b {
        m[item] = true
    }

    for _, item := range a {
        if _, presence := m[item]; !presence {
            diff = append(diff, item)
        }
    }
    return
}
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gypsydave5 profile image
David Wickes • Edited

Common Lisp

I'll use lists because... well, it's Lisp, right?

(set-difference '(1 2 2 2 3) '(2))
;; => (3 1)

Can't beat a good standard library ;)

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kspeakman profile image
Kasey Speakman

F#

let diff a b =
    a |> Array.filter (fun v -> not (b |> Array.contains v))

also sequence expression syntax

let diff a b =
    [|
        for value in a do
            if not (b |> Array.contains value) then
                yield value
    |]
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t4rzsan profile image
Jakob Christensen

Or (although it will also remove duplicates from a):

(a |> Set.ofSeq) - (b |> Set.ofSeq)
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kspeakman profile image
Kasey Speakman

Yes, this was my first thought, but I was trying to retain dupes.

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rubberduck profile image
Christopher McClellan

Just define the subtraction operator and done.

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dance2die profile image
Sung M. Kim • Edited

It wasn't as easy as doing a set difference as the a needed to keep the duplicate values.

Below is the answer in C#.

Where is the same as filter in JavaScript.

using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Kata
{
  public static int[] ArrayDiff(int[] a, int[] b)
  {
    var hash = new HashSet<int>(b);
    return a.Where(_ => !hash.Contains(_)).ToArray();
  }
}
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gartboy profile image
Garrett

APL

 a ~ b 

Replied to the post instead of the comment! My bad!

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benberbass profile image
Ben Berbass

PHP

array_diff(a, b);
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sdicke profile image
Sebastian Martin Dicke

Haskell

array_diff :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] 
array_diff a b = filter (\x -> notElem x b) a
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creativ_bracket profile image
Jermaine

Here's one in Dart:

arrayDiff(List a, List b) => a..retainWhere((i) => !b.contains(i));
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tylerleonhardt profile image
Tyler Leonhardt • Edited

PowerShell

$a | ? { $_ -notin $b }

Expanding the ? alias:

$a = @(1,2,3,4)
$b = @(2,3,4,5)

$a | Where-Object { $_ -notin $b }
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sdicke profile image
Sebastian Martin Dicke • Edited

Another Haskell solution:

array_diff :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
array_diff a b = [x | x <- a, x `notElem` b]
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clandau profile image
Courtney
function array_diff(a, b) {
  let counter = {};
  for(let i of b) {
    counter[i] = true;
  }
  let result = a.filter(item => counter[item] !== true);
  return result;
}
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mateus_vahl profile image
Mateus Vahl

Hey all, Why I don't see any java code here?

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Thursday

Scramblies (5 KYU):

Complete the function scramble(str1, str2) that returns true if a portion of str1 characters can be rearranged to match str2, otherwise returns false

CodeWars

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kspeakman profile image
Kasey Speakman • Edited

F#

let scramble str1 str2 =
    let letterLookup = str1 |> Seq.countBy id |> Map.ofSeq
    let requiredCounts = str2 |> Seq.countBy id
    requiredCounts |> Seq.forall (fun (letter, requiredCount) ->
        match letterLookup |> Map.tryFind letter with
        | None -> false // letter missing
        | Some count -> requiredCount <= count
    )

Edit: I had previously posted a version that had ever-so-slightly more performance but was more code. I'm also including that version below since it solves the problem differently.

let scramble str1 str2 =
    let letterPool = str1 |> Seq.sort |> List.ofSeq
    let requiredLetters = str2 |> Seq.sort |> List.ofSeq
    let rec loop requiredLetters letterPool =
        match requiredLetters, letterPool with
        | [], _ -> true // found all
        | _ :: _, [] -> false // pool ran out
        | letter :: _, next :: pool when letter > next ->
            loop requiredLetters pool // skip next in pool
        | letter :: required, next :: pool when letter = next ->
            loop required pool
        | _, _ -> false // letter not available in the pool
    loop requiredLetters letterPool

Here are the tests (console).

    [
        "rkqodlw", "world", true
        "cedewaraaossoqqyt", "codewars", true
        "katas", "steak", false
    ]
    |> List.iter (fun (str1, str2, expected) ->
        let actual = scramble str1 str2
        let e = if expected = actual then "√" else "X"
        printfn "%s %A ==> %b, %b" e (str1, str2) expected actual
    )
    // √ ("rkqodlw", "world") ==> true, true
    // √ ("cedewaraaossoqqyt", "codewars") ==> true, true
    // √ ("katas", "steak") ==> false, false
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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Nice! yeah -- I only sometimes think about the efficiencies of these. They're contrived and we're doing them for fun. Part of me cares, part of me doesn't haha

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kspeakman profile image
Kasey Speakman • Edited

I agree. I would have posted a much more expressive version, but you beat me to it! I did find an alternative way of solving the problem that was a little more expressive and nearly the same perf. I updated my post to include it.

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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

Go

func Scramble(str1 string, str2 string) (result bool) {
    m := make(map[string]int)

    for _, item := range strings.Split(str1, "") {
        m[item] += 1
    }

    for _, item := range strings.Split(str2, "") {
        if val, ok := m[item]; !ok || val == 0 {
            return false
        } else {
            m[item] -= 1
        }
    }

    return true
}
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jay profile image
Jay

Rust

fn scramble(str1: &str, str2: &str) -> bool {
    if str2.len() > str1.len() {
        return false;
    }
    str2.chars().all(|c| {
        str1.chars().filter(|&ch| ch == c).count() >= str2.chars().filter(|&c2| c2 == c).count()
    })
}
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dance2die profile image
Sung M. Kim

Solved it awhile ago in C#.

Warning: Really ugly...

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;


  public class Scramblies
  {
    public static bool Scramble(string s1, string s2)
    {
      Func<string, Dictionary<char, int>> toMap = s =>
        s.GroupBy(c => c)
        .Select(g => new { g.Key, Count = g.Count() })
        .ToDictionary(pair => pair.Key, pair => pair.Count);

      var map1 = toMap(s1);
      var map2 = toMap(s2);

      foreach (KeyValuePair<char, int> p2 in map2)
      {
        if (!map1.ContainsKey(p2.Key)) return false;

        if (map1[p2.Key] < p2.Value) return false;
      }

      return true;
    }
  }
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clandau profile image
Courtney
function scramble(str1, str2) {
 let letterHolder = {};
 for (let letter of str1) {
   if(letterHolder[letter]) letterHolder[letter]++;
   else letterHolder[letter] = 1;
 }
 for (let letter of str2) {
   if(!letterHolder[letter]) return false
   else letterHolder[letter]--;
 }
 return true;
}
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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Python!

def scramble(s1,s2):
    for letter in set(s2):
        if s1.count(letter) < s2.count(letter):
            return False
    return True
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danielhao5 profile image
Daniel Hao • Edited

python

def scramble (s1, s2):
    return not(Counter(s2) - Counter(s1))
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andkushnir profile image
Andrey Kushnir

Python style
def scramble(s1, s2):
return all([s1.count(l) >= s2.count(l) for l in s2])

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susickypavel profile image
Pavel Susicky

Not a fancy solution, but it seems to work 😃

function scramble(s1, s2) {
    if (s1.length < s2.length) return false;

    const _s2 = s2.split("");

    s1.split("").forEach(val => {
        if (_s2.includes(val)) _s2.splice(_s2.indexOf(val), 1);
    });

    return _s2.length == 0;
}
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gypsydave5 profile image
David Wickes

Common Lisp


(defun scramble (source target)
          (let ((source (coerce source 'list))
                (target (coerce target 'list)))
            (cond ((null target) t) 
                  ((member (first target) source)
                   (scramble (remove (first target) source :count 1)
                             (rest target))))))

(mapcar #'(lambda (args) (apply #'scramble args))
        '(("rkqodlw" "world")
          ("cedewaraaossoqqyt" "codewars")
          ("katas" "steak")
          ("scriptjavx" "javascript")
          ("scriptingjava" "javascript")
          ("scriptsjava" "javascripts")
          ("javscripts" "javascript")
          ("aabbcamaomsccdd" "commas")
          ("commas" "commas")
          ("sammoc" "commas")))
;; => (T T NIL NIL T T NIL T T T)
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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Tuesday

Product of Array Items (7 KYU):

Calculate the product of all elements in an array.

CodeWars

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kspeakman profile image
Kasey Speakman

F#

let product arr =
    arr |> Array.reduce (*)

I probably wouldn't define a separate function for this in actual code.

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jreina profile image
Johnny Reina

Does F# require you to name the arr parameter explicitly or can you simply do the following:

let product = Array.reduce (*)

I've been curious about F# for some time but haven't really done a deep dive.

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kspeakman profile image
Kasey Speakman

Yes, you can do that in F#. (You probably know this, but for the sake of onlookers) it is called point-free notation. It can be handy for small functions like this. But I noticed when I use it too much, my code can become hard to understand.

Especially for code examples, I rarely use it because it can confuse readers.

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gypsydave5 profile image
David Wickes

Common Lisp

as * in Common Lisp can take as many arguments as you like...

(apply #'* (list 1 2 3 4 5))
;; => 120
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susickypavel profile image
Pavel Susicky

Javascript

function arrayProduct(arr) {
    return arr.reduce((acc, val) => acc * val);
}
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jay profile image
Jay

Rust

fn product(list: &[i32]) -> i32 {
    list.iter().fold(1, |p, n| p * n)
}
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dance2die profile image
Sung M. Kim

A simple aggregation of data (using reduce) worked like a charm.

C# answer.

namespace Kata {
  using System;
  using System.Linq;
  public class ArrayMath
  {
    public static int Product(int[] values)
    {
      return values.Aggregate((product, current) => product * current);
    }
  }
}
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clandau profile image
Courtney

I decided to not use reduce so that I could return early if I hit a zero.

function product(values) {
  if(!values || values.length === 0) return null;
  let prod = values[0];
  for(let i=1; i<values.length; i++) {
    if(values[i] === 0) return 0;
    prod *= values[i];
  }
  return result;
}
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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Python!

def product(numbers):
    if not numbers: return None
    running_product = 1
    for number in numbers:
        running_product *= number
    return running_product
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marcellothearcane profile image
marcellothearcane
def product (numbers):
  return reduce(lambda total, number: total * number, numbers)
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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

Go

func Product(nums []int)(x int) {
    x = 1

    for _, num := range nums {
        x *= num
    }
    return
}

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gypsydave5 profile image
David Wickes

JavaScript

const product = arr => arr.reduce((acc, x) => acc * x)
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sdicke profile image
Sebastian Martin Dicke

Haskell:

product' :: Num a => [a] -> a
product' = product
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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Friday

The Last Word (CodeJam):

You are the next contestant on this show, and the host has just showed you the string S. What's the winning last word that you should produce?

CodeJam

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kspeakman profile image
Kasey Speakman • Edited

F#

let lastWord s =
    let update (first, word) letter =
        if letter >= first then (letter, string letter + word)
        else                    (first, word + string letter)
    s |> Seq.fold update ('A', "") |> snd

Testing it (console)

    [
        "CAB", "CAB"
        "JAM", "MJA"
        "CODE", "OCDE"
        "ABAAB", "BBAAA"
        "CABCBBABC", "CCCABBBAB"
        "ABCABCABC", "CCCBAABAB"
        "ZXCASDQWE", "ZXCASDQWE"
    ]
    |> List.iter (fun (input, expected) ->
        let actual = lastWord input
        let e = if expected = actual then "√" else "X"
        printfn "%s %s ==> %s, %s" e input expected actual
    )
    // √ CAB ==> CAB, CAB
    // √ JAM ==> MJA, MJA
    // √ CODE ==> OCDE, OCDE
    // √ ABAAB ==> BBAAA, BBAAA
    // √ CABCBBABC ==> CCCABBBAB, CCCABBBAB
    // √ ABCABCABC ==> CCCBAABAB, CCCBAABAB
    // √ ZXCASDQWE ==> ZXCASDQWE, ZXCASDQWE

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Awesome -- this one (for me) was a lot easier than they made it sound!

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kspeakman profile image
Kasey Speakman • Edited

Same here. The hard part was understanding the problem. (It felt very much like "A train leaving SF at 50kph ..." word problems.) But after that the code wasn't so bad.

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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

I think the possible "gotcha" here is that they do not want a reverse alphabetically sorted string, which, if you're not careful about the requirements, could be what you try to build and have it trip you up.

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jay profile image
Jay

Rust

use std::io::{self, prelude::*};

fn find_last_word(s: &str) -> String {
    s.chars()
        .fold(vec![], |mut last, letter| {
            if let Some(&c) = last.last() {
                if (c as u8) > (letter as u8) {
                    last.insert(0, letter);
                } else {
                    last.push(letter);
                }
            } else {
                last.push(letter);
            }
            last
        }).iter()
        .rev()
        .into_iter()
        .collect()
}

fn main() {
    let stdin = io::stdin();

    for (i, line) in stdin.lock().lines().skip(1).enumerate() {
        if let Ok(text) = line {
            match io::stdout()
                .write(format!("Case #{}: {}\n", i + 1, find_last_word(&text)).as_bytes())
            {
                Ok(_) => (),
                Err(why) => panic!(why),
            }
        }
    }
}

usage: last_word(.exe) < small.in > small.txt

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gypsydave5 profile image
David Wickes

Common Lisp

(defun last-word (word)
  (let ((cs (coerce word 'list)))
    (coerce (reduce #'(lambda (word c)
                        (if (char> (first word) c)
                            (append word (list c))
                            (cons c word)))
                    (rest cs)
                    :initial-value (list (first cs)))
            'string)))

Quick little test...

(mapcar #'last-word (list "CAB"
                          "JAM"
                          "CODE"
                          "ABAAB"
                          "CABCBBABC"
                          "ABCABCABC"
                          "ZXCASDQWE"))
;; => ("CAB" "MJA" "OCDE" "BBAAA" "CCCABBBAB" "CCCBAABAB" "ZXCASDQWE")
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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Python!

def get_last_word(word):
    last_word = word[0]
    for letter in word[1:]:
        if letter >= last_word[0]:
            last_word = letter + last_word
        else:
            last_word = last_word + letter
    return last_word

out_file = open('output.txt', 'w')
case_number = 0

for word in open('A-small-practice (3).in', 'r'):
    if case_number != 0:
        out_file.write("Case #{}: ".format(case_number) + get_last_word(word))
    case_number += 1
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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

Go

func Last(w string) (result []string) {
    l := strings.Split(w, "")
    result = []string{l[0]}

    for _, item := range l[1:] {
        if val := result[0]; item > val {
            result = append([]string{item}, strings.Join(result, ""))
        } else {
            result = append(result, item)
        }
    }
    return
}
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clandau profile image
Courtney

TypeScript

function processLastwordData(input :string) : void {
    const inputArray = input.split('\n');
    let resultStr = "";
    const cases = parseInt(inputArray[0]);
    for(let i=1; i <= cases; i++) {
        resultStr += `Case #${i}: ${lastWord(inputArray[i])}\n`
    }
    process.stdout.write(resultStr);
}

function lastWord(str : string) : string {
    let outStr = str[0];
    for(let i=1; i<str.length; i++) {
        if(str.charCodeAt(i) >= outStr.charCodeAt(0)) outStr = str[i] + outStr;
        else outStr = outStr + str[i];
    }
    return outStr;
}

process.stdin.resume();
process.stdin.setEncoding("ascii");
let _input = "";
process.stdin.on("data", function (input) {
    _input += input;
});
process.stdin.on("end", function () {
    processLastwordData(_input);
});

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jakedohm_34 profile image
Jake Dohm

JS Solution: Takes two arrays, returns a single array with all of the items from array A, which do not exist in array B.

function diff(a, b){
  return a.filter(item => !b.includes(item))
}
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jakedohm_34 profile image
Jake Dohm

Just realized @thesoreon posted almost the same solution already. Oh well, I guess great minds think alike 😜

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susickypavel profile image
Pavel Susicky

That's nice! When i made this solution i was curious and searched for another approches and found the exact same solution on stack overflow 😆

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Meta!

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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

Ooh. I tried to do Advent of Code in Go last year, but AoC was probably too steep a challenge for a language I didn't know at all. This is a much more manageable entrypoint. Thanks for this! 🤗

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

For sure! I may try and incorporate those next month! We'll see! Go is so much fun, I should do more with it!

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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein

Possibly dumb question - what does KYU stand for?

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

That's a great question -- I'm not totally sure, but it's the ranking system CodeWars uses, so I include it -- 8 KYU are the most beginner friendly, 1 KYU takes a really long time.

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jay profile image
Jay

KYU is used for grading the difficulty levels, or degree of proficiency or experience.
Wiki

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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Monday

Number Drills: Blue and red marbles (8 KYU):

You've decided to write a function, guess_blue() to help automatically calculate whether you should guess "blue" or "red". The function should take four arguments.

CodeWars

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thejessleigh profile image
jess unrein • Edited

Go

func Guess(bStart int, rStart int, bGone int, rGone int)(probability float32) {
    var b = bStart - bGone
    var r = rStart - rGone

    probability = float32(b) / float32(r + b)
    return
}
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gypsydave5 profile image
David Wickes • Edited

Common Lisp

(defun guess-blue (blue-in red-in blue-out red-out)
  (let ((blue (- blue-in blue-out))
        (red (- red-in red-out)))
    (/ blue (+ red blue)))

(guess-blue 5 5 2 3)
;; => 3/5

the fun of a language with rationals:

(guess-blue 1 2 0 0)
;; => 1/3
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jay profile image
Jay

Rust

fn guess_blue(blue_start: u32, red_start: u32, blue_pulled: u32, red_pulled: u32) -> f32 {
    let blue = (blue_start - blue_pulled) as f32;
    let red = (red_start - red_pulled) as f32;

    blue / (blue + red)
}
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aspittel profile image
Ali Spittel

Python!

def guess_blue(blue_start, red_start, blue_pulled, red_pulled):
    blue = blue_start - blue_pulled
    red = red_start - red_pulled
    return blue / (red + blue)
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clandau profile image
Courtney
function guessBlue(blueStart, redStart, bluePulled, redPulled) {
  let currentBlue = blueStart - bluePulled;
  let currentRed = redStart - redPulled;
  return currentBlue / (currentBlue + currentRed);
}

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kunvar13 profile image
Kalpesh • Edited

For thos who are looking for solution in C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Kata
{
public static int[] ArrayDiff(int[] a, int[] b) {

List<int> result = new List<int>(); //Creating empty list to push the elements later

for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++) 
{
  int num = 0; //settung num to 0 for each iteration of i

  for(int j = 0; j < b.Length; j++) 
    {

      if(a[i] == b[j]) { num++;}

    }  
  if(num == 0) { 
    result.Add(a[i]);
    }

 }

return result.ToArray(); //ToArray to convert the List in Array.
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}
}