Loops in python

A loop is a sequence of instruction s that is continually repeated until a certain condition is reached. Typically, a certain process is done, such as getting an item of data and changing it, and then some condition is checked such as whether a counter has reached a prescribed number.

break Keyword
In a loop, the break keyword escapes the loop, regardless of the iteration number. Once break executes, the program will continue to execute after the loop.

In this example, the output would be:
0
254
2
Negative number detected!

numbers = [0, 254, 2, -1, 3]

for num in numbers:
  if (num < 0):
    print("Negative number detected!")
    break
  print(num)

# 0
# 254
# 2
# Negative number detected!

Python List Comprehension
Python list comprehensions provide a concise way for creating lists. It consists of brackets containing an expression followed by a for clause, then zero or more for or if clauses: [EXPRESSION for ITEM in LIST ].

The expressions can be anything - any kind of object can go into a list.

A list comprehension always returns a list.

# List comprehension for the squares of all even numbers between 0 and 9
result = [x**2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0]

print(result)
# [0, 4, 16, 36, 64]

Python For Loop
A Python for loop can be used to iterate over a list of items and perform a set of actions on each item. The syntax of a for loop consists of assigning a temporary value to a variable on each successive iteration.

When writing a for loop, remember to properly indent each action, otherwise an IndentationError will result.

for <temporary variable> in <list variable>:
  <action statement>
  <action statement>

#each num in nums will be printed below
nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
for num in nums: 
  print(num)

The Python continue Keyword
In Python, the continue keyword is used inside a loop to skip the remaining code inside the loop code block and begin the next loop iteration.

big_number_list = [1, 2, -1, 4, -5, 5, 2, -9]

# Print only positive numbers:
for i in big_number_list:
  if i < 0:
    continue
  print(i)

Python Loops with range().
In Python, a for loop can be used to perform an action a specific number of times in a row.

The range() function can be used to create a list that can be used to specify the number of iterations in a for loop.

# Print the numbers 0, 1, 2:
for i in range(3):
  print(i)

# Print "WARNING" 3 times:
for i in range(3):
  print("WARNING")

Infinite Loop
An infinite loop is a loop that never terminates. Infinite loops result when the conditions of the loop prevent it from terminating. This could be due to a typo in the conditional statement within the loop or incorrect logic. To interrupt a Python program that is running forever, press the Ctrl and C keys together on your keyboard.

Python while Loops
In Python, a while loop will repeatedly execute a code block as long as a condition evaluates to True.

The condition of a while loop is always checked first before the block of code runs. If the condition is not met initially, then the code block will never run.

 This loop will only run 1 time
hungry = True
while hungry:
  print("Time to eat!")
  hungry = False

# This loop will run 5 times
i = 1
while i < 6:
  print(i)
  i = i + 1

Python Nested Loops
In Python, loops can be nested inside other loops. Nested loops can be used to access items of lists which are inside other lists. The item selected from the outer loop can be used as the list for the inner loop to iterate over.

groups = [["Jobs", "Gates"], ["Newton", "Euclid"], ["Einstein", "Feynman"]]

# This outer loop will iterate over each list in the groups list
for group in groups:
  # This inner loop will go through each name in each list
  for name in group:
    print(name)