Learning Python classes

Programming language developers usually want to make working with their language as convenient as possible, taking into account the specifics of the language. And in general, they most likely cope with their task. Although it certainly won't be without mistakes. Because I've been trying to figure out classes in Python for the last couple of days, I tried to create something simple, just for practice. I'm sure that in the future I will find that this code is stupid and that everything could have been done in a more appropriate way.

Classes allow you to define reusable pieces of code that encapsulate data and behavior in a single entity. With classes, you can quickly and intuitively model real-world objects and solve complex problems. The main advantages of Python classes, as it seems to me, are:

• You can create hierarchies of classes that share common attributes and methods, and override or extend them as needed.
• Polymorphism allows you to write generic code that can work with different types of objects without knowing their exact implementation.
• Abstraction makes the code easier to understand and maintain, and protects the class from unwanted changes.
• Encapsulation prevents unauthorized or accidental modification of the class state and behavior, and ensures data integrity.
• Multiple inheritance allows you to combine the features of different classes and create more complex and powerful classes.
• And metaclasses allows you to customize the creation and modification of classes at runtime, and implement advanced features such as descriptors, decorators, and abstract base classes.

Comparing Rust and Python, I can say that Python classes and Rust traits/implementations are both ways to define and implement object-oriented programming concepts in their respective languages. However, they have some notable differences in their syntax, semantics, and features. Unfortunately, I don’t have enough experience yet to make a full comparison.

And finally, I want to note that, since I am an opponent of fanaticism, I will not argue that some language is better than others in everything. Everyone has their “pros” and “cons” and everyone is good in their field.

Source code

P.S.:
This is the situation I like to use Helix text editor because of it's special atmosphere. But usually I use IDE. I told about IDE and text editors in this article.