How I implemented sticky columns in tables using directives - Angular!

How to create sticky columns in Angular using directives. Implementing tables with sticky columns can be tricky especially when you have to make multiple columns sticky. Using directives, we can easily implement sticky columns.

I can't emphasize more the power of directives in Angular. I've written a couple of articles showcasing how one can actually use it to implement really cool stuff. You can check some use-cases for directives here: Angular Directive Showcase.

Tables with sticky columns

We make use of the position: sticky CSS property to make an element sticky. Read more about sticky positioning at MDN.

.sticky {
  position: sticky;
  left: 0;
}

For the sticky position to work properly, at least one of top, right, bottom, or left should be specified.

The problem

Making the first column in a table sticky is super simple, you basically add the sticky class to the column.

When two columns need to stick to the left, we can't just add the sticky class to both of the columns. This is how it looks if you did so:

Here you can see the Manager column overlapping with the Company column. This is because we gave both the columns left:0.

To make it work as expected, the styles should be like this:

.company {
  position: sticky;
  left: 0px;
}

.manager {
  position: sticky;
  left: 120px; // <-- width of the company column
}

What we did here is we added the offset of the Manager column as the left property value.

Sticky Calculations

For calculating the left value, we need to find the x value of the column. If we look at the first column Company and get its offset from the left side.

We expect the x value to be 0 but we get 85 here. This is because the x value is calculated from the left side of the window to the column. For getting the left threshold of the column with respect to the table, we need to find the x value of the table. Once we get the table's offset, we can subtract it from the offset of the column.

Example of the calculation:

• Position of Table = (100, 200) // <-- x = 100
• Position of Company = (100, 200) // <-- x with respect to table = 100 - 100 = 0
• Position of Manager = (300, 200) // <-- x with respect to table = 300 - 100 = 200

Sticky Directive

We are going to create a directive to do just that. The directive can then be placed on the columns which need to be sticky. If you are thinking about why a directive for this particular use case, the calculation of the sticky thresholds can be done easily. Creating a directive makes it easy to re-use the functionality for different elements.

import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
import {
  AfterViewInit,
  Directive,
  ElementRef,
  NgModule,
  Optional,
} from '@angular/core';

@Directive({
  selector: '[stickyTable]',
})
export class StickyTableDirective {
  constructor(private el: ElementRef) {}

  get x() {
    return (this.el.nativeElement as HTMLElement)?.getBoundingClientRect()?.x;
  }
}

@Directive({
  selector: '[sticky]',
})
export class StickyDirective implements AfterViewInit {
  constructor(
    private el: ElementRef,
    @Optional() private table: StickyTableDirective
  ) {}

  ngAfterViewInit() {
    const el = this.el.nativeElement as HTMLElement;
    const { x } = el.getBoundingClientRect();
    el.style.position = 'sticky';
    el.style.left = this.table ? `${x - this.table.x}px` : '0px';
  }
}

@NgModule({
  declarations: [StickyDirective, StickyTableDirective],
  imports: [CommonModule],
  exports: [StickyDirective, StickyTableDirective],
})
export class StickyDirectiveModule {}

If you look at the code above, we have two directives:

1. StickyDirective
2. StickyTableDirective

The second directive is really interesting here. Why do we need a second directive?
We have a separate directive that can be placed on the table to get the offset of the table. The directive can then be injected inside the main StickyDirective.

  constructor(
    private el: ElementRef,
    @Optional() private table: StickyTableDirective
  ) {}

We mark the StickyTableDirective as @Optional() so that we can add the StickyDirective directive on other elements and it can automatically be sticky with the default value.

Ref: https://angular.io/guide/hierarchical-dependency-injection#optional

Here is how we use it in HTML.

<table stickyTable>
  <tr>
    <th sticky>Company</th>
    <th sticky>Manager</th>
    <th>Employees</th>
    <th>Contractors</th>
    <th>Jobs</th>
    <th>Contracts</th>
    <th>Vacancy</th>
    <th>Offices</th>
  </tr>
  <ng-container *ngFor="let item of data">
    <tr>
      <td sticky style="min-width:200px">{{ item.company }}</td>
      <td sticky>{{ item?.manager }}</td>
      <td> {{ item?.employees }} </td>
      <td> {{ item?.contractors }} </td>
      <td> {{ item?.employees }} </td>
      <td> {{ item?.contractors }} </td>
      <td> {{ item?.employees }} </td>
      <td> {{ item?.contractors }} </td>
    </tr>
  </ng-container>
</table>

We add the stickyTable directive to the table and the sticky directive to the column.

Demo and Code

Stackblitz Link

Improvements

A lot of improvements can be made to this directive to make it more re-usable like:

• Add support for other directions.
• Generalize the StickyTableDirective to be able to use it on other elements as well.

For the sake of keeping the example here simple, I've kept it simple.

Similar Reads

1. Implement Heatmaps in a table using directives
2. Highlight text in paragraphs with a simple directive in Angular
3. Fullscreen toggle functionality in Angular using Directives.

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