dataclass - New in version 3.7 (https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html)
f'' formatting - since 3.6 (https://realpython.com/python-f-strings/)
described in PEP0557
Although they use a very different mechanism, Data Classes can be thought of as "mutable namedtuples with defaults". Because Data Classes use normal class definition syntax, you are free to use inheritance, metaclasses, docstrings, user-defined methods, class factories, and other Python class features.
the decorator adds generated method definitions to the class to support instance initialization, a repr, comparison methods, and optionally other methods(...) Such a class is called a Data Class, but there's really nothing special about the class: the decorator adds generated methods to the class and returns the same class it was given.
https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0557/
EXAMPLE!
@dataclass
class InventoryItem:
'''Class for keeping track of an item in inventory.'''
name: str
unit_price: float
quantity_on_hand: int = 0
def total_cost(self) -> float:
return self.unit_price * self.quantity_on_hand
The @dataclass decorator will add the equivalent of these methods to the InventoryItem
def __init__(self, name: str, unit_price: float, quantity_on_hand: int = 0) -> None:
self.name = name
self.unit_price = unit_price
self.quantity_on_hand = quantity_on_hand
def __repr__(self):
return f'InventoryItem(name={self.name!r}, unit_price={self.unit_price!r}, quantity_on_hand={self.quantity_on_hand!r})'
def __eq__(self, other):
if other.__class__ is self.__class__:
return (self.name, self.unit_price, self.quantity_on_hand) == (other.name, other.unit_price, other.quantity_on_hand)
return NotImplemented
def __ne__(self, other):
if other.__class__ is self.__class__:
return (self.name, self.unit_price, self.quantity_on_hand) != (other.name, other.unit_price, other.quantity_on_hand)
return NotImplemented
def __lt__(self, other):
if other.__class__ is self.__class__:
return (self.name, self.unit_price, self.quantity_on_hand) < (other.name, other.unit_price, other.quantity_on_hand)
return NotImplemented
def __le__(self, other):
if other.__class__ is self.__class__:
return (self.name, self.unit_price, self.quantity_on_hand) <= (other.name, other.unit_price, other.quantity_on_hand)
return NotImplemented
def __gt__(self, other):
if other.__class__ is self.__class__:
return (self.name, self.unit_price, self.quantity_on_hand) > (other.name, other.unit_price, other.quantity_on_hand)
return NotImplemented
def __ge__(self, other):
if other.__class__ is self.__class__:
return (self.name, self.unit_price, self.quantity_on_hand) >= (other.name, other.unit_price, other.quantity_on_hand)
return NotImplemented
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