Useful Git Commands

Hi there! I have made this blog because I forgot some of the git commands every time while using git or GitHub. So I am going to put all the useful git command in this blog so that anyone who is going to get started with open-source get some help and whenever I need I can quickly find those at one place.

Git is so powerful. There are a lot of really cool features. Some other basic functions you'll want to learn is how to git pull, git clone, git merge, git rebase, git stash, git checkout, and git branch. Those are the ones that are needed for base level proficiency in git.

Git Basics

1. To Create empty git repo in specified directory. Run with no arguments

git init

2. For cloning the repo onto your local machine

git clone <repo--HTTP or SSH>

3. To define author name to be used for all commits in current repo

git config user.name <name>

4. To stage all changes in <directory> or <file> for the next commit

git add <directory or file>

you can also use

git add .

5. to List which files are staged, unstaged, and untracked

git status

6. for commit the staged snapshot with a commit message

git commit -m "<message>"

7. to display entire commit history

git log

8. to show unstaged changes b/w your index and working directory or to analyze the current state of the repo

git diff

Git Branch

1. List all of the branches in your repo. Add a argument to create a new branch.

git branch

2. Create and checkout a new branch named .

git checkout -b <branch>

-b flag is for checking out an existing branch

3. Merge into the current branch

git merge <branch>

Remote Repositories

1. Create a new connection to a remote repo.

git remote add <name> <url>

after doing this you can use <name> as a shortcut for <url> in other commands.

2. Fetches a specific , from the repo. Leave off <branch> to fetch all remote refs

git fetch <remote> <branch>

3. Fetch the specified remote's copy of the current branch and immediately merge it into the local copy.

git pull <remote>

4. Push the branch to , along with necessary commit objects. Creates named branch in the remote repo if it doesn't exist

git push <remote> <branch>

Git Rebase

1. Interactively rebase current branch onto <base>.Launches editor to enter commands for how each commit will be transferred to the new base

git rebase -i <base>

Git Pull

1. Fetch the remote's copy of current branch and rebases it into the local copy. Uses git rebase instead of merge to integrate the branches

git pull --rebase <remote>

Git Push

1. to link a local branch with the remote branch. The -u flag is used to set origin as the upstream remote in your git config

git push -u <remote> <branch>

2. Forces the git push even if it results in a non-fast-forward merge. Do not use the --force or -f flag unless you're absolutely sure you know what you're doing

git push <remote> --force

or

git push -f <remote> <branch>

Undoing Changes

1. Create new commit that undoes all the changes made in , then apply it to the current branch. here we need to a commit reference id

git revert <commitId>

or git revert Head to create a new commit with the reverted changes which had been done in the last commit.

2. To remove file from staging area but leave the working directory unchanged. This unstages a file without overwriting any changes

git reset <file>

3. used to remove unwanted files from your working directory. -n flag is used for double checking before changing, to execute use -f in place of -n

git clean -n

Rewriting History

1. Replace the last commit with the staged changed and last commit combined

git commit --amend

2. Rebase the current branch onto . <base> can be a commit ID, branch name, a tag, or a relative reference to HEAD.

git rebase <base>

3. Show a log of changes to the local repository's HEAD. Add --relative-date flag to show date time info or --all to show all refs.

git reflog

That's all! I think this is more than enough git commands for getting started with open-source and in the last just look at the image below cuz, it is super helpful.

Thank You