Introduction
In this article, we can learn about the CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete) operations in Room Database in Attendance Tracker app.
Room is an ORM (Object Relational Mapping) library. In other words, Room will map our database objects to Java objects. Room provides an abstraction layer over SQLite to allow fluent database access while harnessing the full power of SQLite. Room can provide to create sqlite databases and perform the operations like create, read, update and delete.
So, I will provide the series of articles on this Attendance Tracker App, in upcoming articles I will integrate other Huawei Kits.
If you are new to this application, follow my previous articles
Components of Room DB
Entity
Dao
Database
**
- Entity **
Represents a table within the database. Room creates a table for each class that has @Entity annotation, the fields in the class correspond to columns in the table. Therefore, the entity classes tend to be small model classes that does not contain any logic.
Entities annotations
Before we get started with modelling our entities, we need to know some useful annotations and their attributes.
@Entity - every model class with this annotation will have a mapping table in DB.
- foreignKeys — names of foreign keys
- indices — list of indicates on the table
- primaryKeys — names of entity primary keys
- tableName
*@PrimaryKey *- as name indicates, this annotation points is the primary key of the entity. autoGenerate - if set to true, then SQLite will be generating a unique id for the column.
Example: @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
@ColumnInfo - allows specifying custom information about column.
Example: @ColumnInfo(name = “column_name”)
@Ignore - field will not be persisted by Room.
@Embeded - nested fields can be referenced directly in the SQL queries.
**
- Dao **
DAOs(Data Access Objects) are responsible for defining the methods that access the database. In the initial SQLite, we use the Cursor objects. With Room, we do not need all the Cursor related code and can simply define our queries using annotations in the Dao class.
**
- Database **
Contains the database holder and serves as the main access point for the underlying connection to your app’s persisted, relational data.
To create a database, we need to define an abstract class that extends RoomDatabase. This class is annotated with @Database, lists the entities contained in the database, and the DAOs which access them.
The class which is annotated with @Database should satisfy the following conditions:
Be an abstract class that extends RoomDatabase.
Include the list of entities associated with the database within the annotation.
Contain an abstract method that has 0 arguments and returns the class that is annotated with @dao.
Requirements
Any operating system (MacOS, Linux and Windows).
Must have a Huawei phone with HMS 4.0.0.300 or later.
Must have a laptop or desktop with Android Studio, Jdk 1.8, SDK platform 26 and Gradle 4.6 and above installed.
Minimum API Level 24 is required.
Required EMUI 9.0.0 and later version devices.
How to integrate HMS Dependencies
- First register as Huawei developer and complete identity verification in Huawei developers website, refer to register a Huawei ID.
- Create a project in android studio, refer Creating an Android Studio Project.
- Generate a SHA-256 certificate fingerprint.
- To generate SHA-256 certificate fingerprint. On right-upper corner of android project click Gradle, choose Project Name > Tasks > android, and then click signingReport, as follows.
Note: Project Name depends on the user created name.
Download the agconnect-services.json file from App information, copy and paste in android **Project **under **app **directory, as follows.
- Enter SHA-256 certificate fingerprint and click **Save **button, as follows.
- Add the below maven URL in build.gradle(Project) file under the repositories of buildscript, dependencies and allprojects, refer Add Configuration.
maven { url 'http://developer.huawei.com/repo/' } classpath 'com.huawei.agconnect:agcp:1.6.0.300' Add the below plugin and dependencies in build.gradle(Module) file.
apply plugin: id 'com.huawei.agconnect'
apply plugin: id 'kotlin-kapt'
// Huawei AGC
implementation 'com.huawei.agconnect:agconnect-core:1.6.0.300'
// Room Database
implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:2.4.2"
kapt "androidx.room:room-compiler:2.4.2"
implementation "androidx.room:room-ktx:2.4.2"
androidTestImplementation "androidx.room:room-testing:2.4.2"
// Lifecycle components
implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0"
implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.4.1"
// Recyclerview
implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.2.1'Now Sync the gradle.
Let us move to development
I have created a project on Android studio with empty activity let us start coding.
Create a DataRecord.kt class annotated with @Entity to create a table for each class.
@Entity(tableName = "datarecords")
data class DataRecord(
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
val id: Long,
val name: String,
val age: String,
val phone: String
)
Create a DataRecordDao.kt interface class annotated with @dao and responsible for defining the methods that access the database.
`@dao
interface DataRecordDao {
@Query("SELECT * from datarecords")
fun getall(): LiveData<List<DataRecord>>
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.ABORT)
suspend fun insert(item: DataRecord)
@Query("SELECT * FROM datarecords WHERE datarecords.id == :id")
fun get(id: Long): LiveData<DataRecord>
@Update
suspend fun update(vararg items: DataRecord)
@Delete
suspend fun delete(vararg items: DataRecord)
}`
Create a AppRoomDatabase.kt abstract class that extends **RoomDatabase **annotated with @Database to lists the entities contained in the database, and the DAOs which access them.
`@Database(entities = [DataRecord::class], version = 1)
abstract class AppRoomDatabase : RoomDatabase() {
abstract fun datarecordDao(): DataRecordDao
companion object {
@Volatile
private var INSTANCE: RoomDatabase? = null
fun getDatabase(context: Context): AppRoomDatabase {
val tempInstance = INSTANCE
if (tempInstance != null) {
return tempInstance as AppRoomDatabase
}
synchronized(this) {
val instance = Room.databaseBuilder(context.applicationContext,AppRoomDatabase::class.java,
"datarecords_database").fallbackToDestructiveMigration()
.build()
INSTANCE = instance
return instance
}
}
}
}`
Create a Repository.kt class to find the functions.
`class Repository(private val dataDao: DataRecordDao) {
val allItems: LiveData<List<DataRecord>> = dataDao.getall()
fun get(id: Long):LiveData<DataRecord> {
return dataDao.get(id)
}
suspend fun update(item: DataRecord) {
dataDao.update(item)
}
suspend fun insert(item: DataRecord) {
dataDao.insert(item)
}
suspend fun delete(item: DataRecord) {
dataDao.delete(item)
}
}`
Create a ViewModel.kt class that extends AndroidViewModel and provides the **Repository **functions.
`class ViewModel(application: Application): AndroidViewModel(application) {
private val repository: Repository
val allItems: LiveData<List<DataRecord>>
init {
Log.d(TAG, "Inside ViewModel init")
val dao = AppRoomDatabase.getDatabase(application).datarecordDao()
repository = Repository(dao)
allItems = repository.allItems
}
fun insert(item: DataRecord) = viewModelScope.launch {
repository.insert(item)
}
fun update(item: DataRecord) = viewModelScope.launch {
repository.update(item)
}
fun delete(item: DataRecord) = viewModelScope.launch {
repository.delete(item)
}
fun get(id: Long) = repository.get(id)
}`
In the EmployeesList.kt activity to find the business logic for button click.
`class EmployeesList : AppCompatActivity() {
private var buttonAddEmp: Button? = null
private lateinit var myViewModel: ViewModel
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_employees_list)
val recyclerView = recyclerview_tasks
val adapter = EmpAdapter(this)
recyclerView.adapter = adapter
recyclerView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this)
buttonAddEmp = findViewById(R.id.btn_add)
buttonAddEmp!!.setOnClickListener(View.OnClickListener {
val intent = Intent(this, AddEmployees::class.java)
startActivity(intent)
})
myViewModel = ViewModelProvider(this)[ViewModel::class.java]
myViewModel.allItems.observe(this, Observer { items ->
items?.let { adapter.setItems(it) }
})
}
}`
Create a EmpAdapter.kt adapter class to hold the list.
`const val TAG = "EmpAdapter"
class EmpAdapter internal constructor (context: Context) : RecyclerView.Adapter() {
private val inflater: LayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context)
private var itemsList = emptyList<DataRecord>().toMutableList()
private val onClickListener: View.OnClickListener
init {
onClickListener = View.OnClickListener { v ->
val item = v.tag as DataRecord
Log.d(TAG, "Setting onClickListener for item ${item.id}")
val intent = Intent(v.context, AddEmployees::class.java).apply {
putExtra(DATA_RECORD_ID, item.id)
}
v.context.startActivity(intent)
}
}
inner class EmpRecordViewHolder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {
val itemId: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.datarecord_viewholder_id)
val itemName: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.txt_name)
val itemAge: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.txt_age)
val itemPhone: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.txt_phone)
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): EmpRecordViewHolder {
val itemView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.detail_list, parent, false)
return EmpRecordViewHolder(itemView)
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: EmpRecordViewHolder, position: Int) {
val current = itemsList[position]
// It will be referenced in the View.OnClickListener above
holder.itemView.tag = current
with(holder) {
// Set UI values
itemId.text = current.id.toString()
// itemRecord.text = current.record
itemName.text = current.name
itemAge.text = current.age
itemPhone.text = current.phone
// Set handlers
itemView.setOnClickListener(onClickListener)
}
}
internal fun setItems(items: List<DataRecord>) {
this.itemsList = items.toMutableList()
notifyDataSetChanged()
}
override fun getItemCount() = itemsList.size
companion object {
const val DATA_RECORD_ID : String = "datarecord_id"
}
}`
In the AddEmployees.kt activity to find the business logic create, update, read and delete functions.
`class AddEmployees : AppCompatActivity() {
private lateinit var dataViewModel: ViewModel
private var recordId: Long = 0L
private var isEdit: Boolean = false
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_add_employees)
dataViewModel = ViewModelProvider(this)[ViewModel::class.java]
if (intent.hasExtra(DATA_RECORD_ID)) {
recordId = intent.getLongExtra(DATA_RECORD_ID, 0L)
dataViewModel.get(recordId).observe(this, Observer {
val viewId = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.datarecord_id)
val viewName = findViewById<EditText>(R.id.edt_name)
val viewAge = findViewById<EditText>(R.id.edt_age)
val viewPhone = findViewById<EditText>(R.id.edt_phone)
if (it != null) {
// populate with data
viewId.text = it.id.toString()
viewName.setText(it.name)
viewAge.setText(it.age)
viewPhone.setText(it.phone)
}
})
isEdit = true
}
val save = btn_save
save.setOnClickListener { view ->
val id = 0L
val mName = edt_name.text.toString()
val mAge = edt_age.text.toString()
val mPhone = edt_phone.text.toString()
if (mName.isBlank() ) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Name is blank", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
else if (mAge.isBlank()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Age is blank", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
else if(mPhone.isBlank()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Phone is blank", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
else {
val item = DataRecord( id = id, name = mName, age = mAge, phone = mPhone)
dataViewModel.insert(item)
finish()
}
}
val update = btn_update
update.setOnClickListener { view ->
val id = datarecord_id.text.toString().toLong()
val nName = edt_name.text.toString()
val nAge = edt_age.text.toString()
val nPhone = edt_phone.text.toString()
if (nName.isBlank() && nAge.isBlank() && nPhone.isBlank()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Empty data is not allowed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
} else {
val item = DataRecord(id = id, name = nName, age = nAge, phone = nPhone)
dataViewModel.update(item)
finish()
}
}
val delete = btn_del
delete.setOnClickListener {
val id = datarecord_id.text.toString().toLong()
val nName = edt_name.text.toString()
val nAge = edt_age.text.toString()
val nPhone = edt_phone.text.toString()
val item = DataRecord( id =id, name = nName, age = nAge, phone = nPhone)
dataViewModel.delete(item)
finish()
}
}
}`
In the activity_employees_list.xml we can create the UI screen.
`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".RoomDatabase.EmployeesList">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="28dp"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:text="Employees List"
android:textColor="#B602D5"
android:textSize="24sp"/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_marginTop="40dp"
android:clickable="true" >
<ImageView
android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_marginRight="20dp"
android:drawableTint="@color/design_default_color_primary"
android:src="@drawable/add_emp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_add"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:textSize="18dp"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:text="Add Employees"/>
</LinearLayout>
`
In the activity_add_employees.xml we can create the UI screen.
`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".RoomDatabase.AddEmployees">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/datarecord_id"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:hint="id "
android:padding="5dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textColor="@color/black" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edt_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:hint="Name "
android:padding="5dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textColor="@color/black" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edt_age"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:hint="Age "
android:padding="5dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textColor="@color/black" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edt_phone"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:hint="Phone "
android:textSize="18sp"
android:padding="5dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:textColor="@color/black" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_save"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:textSize="18dp"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
android:text="Save"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_update"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:textSize="18dp"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
android:text="Update"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_del"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:textSize="18dp"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
android:text="Delete"/>
`
In the detail_list.xml we can create the UI screen for customized items.
`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="10dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/datarecord_viewholder_id"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginBottom="5dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:text="id: "
android:textColor="@color/purple_500"
android:textStyle="bold" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/txt_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:textColor="@color/purple_500"
android:text="name: " />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/txt_age"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:textColor="@color/purple_500"
android:text="age: " />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/txt_phone"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:textColor="@color/purple_500"
android:text="phone: " />
</LinearLayout>
`
Demo
Tips and Tricks
- Make sure you are already registered as Huawei developer.
- Set minSDK version to 24 or later, otherwise you will get **AndriodManifest **merge issue.
- Make sure you have added the agconnect-services.json file to app folder.
- Make sure you have added SHA-256 fingerprint without fail.
- Make sure all the dependencies are added properly.
Conclusion
In this article, we have learned the integration of Room database. We, have learnt about the room database and its components such as DAO, Entity and Database. How to create, read, update and delete the content in room database and which helps the user to access the data when they are in offline.
I hope you have read this article. If you found it is helpful, please provide likes and comments.
Reference
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