✨ Wow! Give yourself a tap on your back for going this far.
We have learned about 5 different amazing 😮 AWS databases throughout this series of articles. Please stay with me until the end of this series, I do not wish to spoil the grand final 😇 when we will finally build a great mini project along with one or two of these databases.
Summary of what we have learned so far:
On this article we will learn about our next database Amazon ElastiCache
What is an Amazon ElastiCache?
Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory data store and cache service by Amazon Web Services. The service improves the performance of web applications by retrieving information from managed in-memory caches, instead of relying entirely on slower disk-based databases.
How does one know when to choose an Amazon ElastiCache?
If you are searching for a database that allows you to query your data using keys with microsecond latency, do not look further Amazon ElastiCache is your DB of choice. A particularly important fact to take into consideration about Amazon ElastiCache is that it supports the Memcached and Redis cache engines. As we continue to the end of this read, I will provide you with some advantages of using one or the other. Hoping that this information will help you to choose the right engine and version that best meets your requirements.
What is some industry Amazon ElastiCache use cases?
- Real-Time Analytics
- Caching
- Leaders Boards
- Mobile
- Product catalog
- News
- Tickets seller
- Need for speed(submillisecond latency)
Now that we have a general idea of Amazon ElastiCache let us continue drilling deeper and let us explore and build an Amazon ElastiCache resources:
First thing first – When to use Memcached vs Redis?
Memcached:
- Require the simplest model possible
- Require running large nodes with multiple cores or threads
- Require the ability to scale out and in, adding and removing nodes as demand on your system increases and decreases
- Require caching objects
Redis-Versions might apply:
- ElastiCache for Redis version 6.2 (Enhanced) ability to tier data between memory and SSD using the r6gd node type
- ElastiCache for Redis version 6.0 (Enhanced) authenticates users with role-based access control
- ElastiCache for Redis version 5.0.0 (Enhanced) Redis streams, a log data structure that allows producers to append latest items in real-time and allows consumers to consume messages either in a blocking or non-blocking fashion
- ElastiCache for Redis version 4.0.10 (Enhanced) encryption and dynamically adding or removing shards from your Redis (cluster mode enabled) cluster
Note: I did not include all Redis versions available on this list. For more information, I will be adding a reference link to this page. I hope this comparison has given you an idea of which engine to choose for your future projects.
Now that we have a general idea about these 2 engines let us continue exploring more details and build them using Terraform:
Let us see some important characteristics about Amazon ElastiCache
Memcached
Performance:
- Automatic detection and recovery from cache node failures
- Automatic discovery of nodes within a cluster enabled for automatic discovery, so that no changes need to be made to your application when you add or remove nodes
- Integration with other AWS services such as Amazon EC2, Amazon CloudWatch, AWS CloudTrail, and Amazon SNS to provide a secure, high-performance, managed in-memory caching solution
- Each cache node has its own Domain Name Service (DNS) name and port
Scalability:
- Every node runing an instance of Memcached can scale the nodes in a cluster up or down to a different instance type
- Memcached supports up to 300 nodes per customer for each AWS Region with each cluster having 1–40 nodes
- More than 40 nodes in a Memcached cluster, or more than 300 nodes totalFill out the ElastiCache Limit Increase Request form at: https://aws.amazon.com/contact-us/elasticache-node-limit-request/
Availability:
- Flexible Availability Zone placement of nodes and clusters
- Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached is available in multiple AWS Regions around the world
- It's recommended to use consistent hashing while partitioning data
- When you scale your Memcached cluster up or down, you must create a new cluster. Memcached clusters always start out empty unless your application populates it
Security:
- All new ElastiCache clusters are launched in an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) environment
- ElastiCache node access is restricted to applications running on whitelisted Amazon EC2 instances
- Access to cluster outside a VPC is controlled by security groups
- AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs AWS services in the AWS Cloud
- You are also responsible for other factors including the sensitivity of your data
- Your company’s requirements, and applicable laws and regulations
Redis
Performance:
- Redis (cluster mode enabled) supports partitioning your data across up to 500 shards.
- Integration with other AWS services such as Amazon EC2, Amazon CloudWatch, AWS CloudTrail, and Amazon SNS. This integration helps provide a managed in-memory caching solution that is high-performance and highly secure.
- ElastiCache for Redis manages backups, software patching, automatic failure detection, and recovery.
- You can have automated backups performed when you need them, or manually create your own backup snapshot. You can use these backups to restore a cluster. The ElastiCache for Redis restore process works reliably and efficiently.
- Data tiering provides a price-performance option for Redis workloads by utilizing lower-cost solid state drives (SSDs) in each cluster node in addition to storing data in memory. It is ideal for workloads that access up to 20 percent of their overall dataset regularly, and for applications that can tolerate additional latency when accessing data on SSD.
Scalability:
- Automatic detection of and recovery from cache node failures
- You can get high availability with a primary instance and a synchronous secondary instance that you can fail over to when problems occur. You can also use read replicas to increase read scaling
- Redis (cluster mode enabled) clusters can have up to 500 shards
Availability:
- Multi-AZ for a failed primary cluster to a read replica, in Redis clusters that support replication
- Flexible Availability Zone placement of nodes and clusters for increased fault tolerance
- By using the Global Datastore for Redis feature, you can work with fully managed, fast, reliable, and secure replication across AWS Regions. Using this feature, you can create cross-Region read replica clusters for ElastiCache for Redis to enable low-latency reads and disaster recovery across AWS Regions
Security:
- For Redis version 3.2 and later, all versions support encryption in transit and encryption at rest encryption with authentication. This support helps you build HIPAA-compliant applications
- You can control access to your ElastiCache for Redis clusters by using AWS Identity and Access Management to define users and permissions
- All new ElastiCache clusters are launched in an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) environment
- ElastiCache node access is restricted to applications running on whitelisted Amazon EC2 instances
- Access to cluster outside a VPC is controlled by security groups
- AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs AWS services in the AWS Cloud
- You are also responsible for other factors including the sensitivity of your data
- Your company’s requirements, and applicable laws and regulations
Please note that some of these limitations are adjustable and others are not.
Oh, right it is building 👷 time let us build this database using Terraform
Terraform code previous:
resource "aws_elasticache_cluster" "memcached_engine" {
cluster_id = "cluster-memcached"
engine = "memcached"
node_type = "cache.m4.large"
num_cache_nodes = 4
parameter_group_name = "default.memcached1.4"
port = 11211
}
resource "aws_elasticache_cluster" "redis_engine" {
cluster_id = "cluster-redis"
engine = "redis"
node_type = "cache.m4.large"
num_cache_nodes = 2
parameter_group_name = "default.redis3.2"
engine_version = "3.2.10"
port = 6379
}
Find the Terraform repo and directions for this project here
Diagram
References:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ElastiCache/latest/developerguide/limits.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_ElastiCache
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