Besides data structures and algorithms, there is some math stuff that is surprising helpful. Calculus is fundamental to model a lot of real problems and to think in terms of velocity and aggregation. Linear algebra is pure computing: once you get to think in terms of matrices, a lot of very, very complex stuff becomes way simpler. Number Theory is fundamental for a lot of disciplines. But the most important math subject IMHO is Probability and Statistics: it permeates everything.
Besides that, the basic of networking and cryptography are very useful as well.
+1. The one thing I do regret most not paying attention to in my CS degree (which might be a good way to think about the question above) was probability and statistics. With ML this is becoming ever more important. Personally, I still don't feel 100% confident about my maths.
Regarding data structures and algorithms: I find most lists out there not really useful as they tend to cover data structures either not really in use anymore (e.g. linked lists) or so frequently used that a CS degree doesn't add detail (e.g. hash tables). The biggest advantage of a university course is that it should teach you concepts and ideas you might one day find useful (e.g. bloom filters) - instead of tools that make you productive right now. As such, I believe graph algorithms, binary search, finite state machines, lambda calculus and yes, complexity analysis, are the most useful ones (all mentioned below) - alongside various Patters which are also mentioned below.
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Besides data structures and algorithms, there is some math stuff that is surprising helpful. Calculus is fundamental to model a lot of real problems and to think in terms of velocity and aggregation. Linear algebra is pure computing: once you get to think in terms of matrices, a lot of very, very complex stuff becomes way simpler. Number Theory is fundamental for a lot of disciplines. But the most important math subject IMHO is Probability and Statistics: it permeates everything.
Besides that, the basic of networking and cryptography are very useful as well.
+1. The one thing I do regret most not paying attention to in my CS degree (which might be a good way to think about the question above) was probability and statistics. With ML this is becoming ever more important. Personally, I still don't feel 100% confident about my maths.
Regarding data structures and algorithms: I find most lists out there not really useful as they tend to cover data structures either not really in use anymore (e.g. linked lists) or so frequently used that a CS degree doesn't add detail (e.g. hash tables). The biggest advantage of a university course is that it should teach you concepts and ideas you might one day find useful (e.g. bloom filters) - instead of tools that make you productive right now. As such, I believe graph algorithms, binary search, finite state machines, lambda calculus and yes, complexity analysis, are the most useful ones (all mentioned below) - alongside various Patters which are also mentioned below.